![]() Water, graphite and heavy water are used as moderators in different types of reactor.īecause of the kind of fuel used ( i.e. The fuel elements are surrounded by a substance called a moderator to slow the speed of the emitted neutrons and thus enable the chain reaction to continue. The chain reaction that takes place in the core of a nuclear reactor is controlled by rods which absorb neutrons and which can be inserted or withdrawn to set the reactor at the required power level. The heat created by splitting the U-235 atoms is then used to make steam which spins a turbine to drive a generator, producing electricity. In a nuclear reactor the uranium fuel is assembled in such a way that a controlled fission chain reaction can be achieved. In a nuclear power station, however, the fissioning of uranium atoms replaces the burning of coal or gas. Both require heat to produce steam to drive turbines and generators. Nuclear power stations and fossil-fuelled power stations of similar capacity have many features in common. The heat is used to make steam to produce electricity.Įxamples of nuclear fissioning of uranium-235 Inside the reactor It is this process, in effect 'burning' uranium, which occurs in a nuclear reactor. When this happens over and over again, many millions of times, a very large amount of heat is produced from a relatively small amount of uranium. If enough of these expelled neutrons cause the nuclei of other U-235 atoms to split, releasing further neutrons, a fission 'chain reaction' can be achieved. When the nucleus of a U-235 atom captures a moving neutron it splits in two (fissions) and releases some energy in the form of heat, also two or three additional neutrons are thrown off. The nucleus of the U-235 atom comprises 92 protons and 143 neutrons (92 + 143 = 235). Nevertheless it generates 0.1 watts/tonne as decay heat and this is enough to warm the Earth's core. This means that it is barely radioactive, less so than many other isotopes in rocks and sand. U-238 decays very slowly, its half-life being about the same as the age of the Earth (4500 million years). Meanwhile, like all radioactive isotopes, they decay. It is therefore said to be 'fissile' and we use the expression 'nuclear fission'. The isotope U-235 is important because under certain conditions it can readily be split, yielding a lot of energy. Natural uranium as found in the Earth's crust is a mixture largely of two isotopes: uranium-238 (U-238), accounting for 99.3% and uranium-235 (U-235) about 0.7%. These isotopes differ from each other in the number of uncharged particles (neutrons) in the nucleus. Like other elements, uranium occurs in several slightly differing forms known as 'isotopes'. On a scale arranged according to the increasing mass of their nuclei, uranium is one of the heaviest of all the naturally-occurring elements (hydrogen is the lightest). The high density of uranium means that it also finds uses in the keels of yachts and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as well as for radiation shielding.While it is not common in the solar system, today its slow radioactive decay provides the main source of heat inside the Earth, causing convection and continental drift. ![]() ![]() ![]() Uranium was apparently formed in supernovae about 6.6 billion years ago.It was named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier. Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral called pitchblende.Uranium occurs in seawater, and can be recovered from the oceans. Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million and is as common in the Earth's crust as tin, tungsten and molybdenum.Uranium is a heavy metal which has been used as an abundant source of concentrated energy for over 60 years. ![]() The property comprises approximately 17 contiguous claims totaling approximately 31,039 hectares and is located geographically in the south-west margin of Saskatchewan’s Athabasca Basin, notable for hosting the highest-grade uranium deposits and operating mines in the world. The Company’s primary asset is the Patterson Lake South (PLS) project, which hosts the Triple R deposit, high-grade and near-surface uranium deposit that occurs within 3.18 kilometers (km) mineralized trend along the Patterson Lake Conductive Corridor. The Company is a resource issuer specializing in uranium exploration and development in Saskatchewan’s Athabasca Basin in Western Canada. The Company’s principal business activity is the acquisition and development of exploration and evaluation assets. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The next biggest step is to organize your pantry and fridge. ![]() Since it’s home to loads of snacks, dry foods, and kitchen supplies, clearing out your pantry is a great place to begin when decluttering your kitchen. You can begin decluttering your pantry by throwing out expired foods, empty boxes, containers without lids, old spices (yes, they do go bad and lose their potency) and condiments or snacks you tried but actually hated. Hutches, islands, and other storage areas.How to Declutter Your Kitchen Kitchen Areas to Declutter: Are there enough hampers and are they put in a good spot, like my closet or bathroom, to store dirty clothing/linens as they’re used?.Do I need a single organizer for accessories (like neckties or jewelry) instead of having multiple boxes or strewing them in drawers?.Do I already have a basket or shelf where I can store blankets and bed pillows when not in use?.Is there anything scattered on top of my bedroom chair or bench that needs to be put away? Where should I always put these pieces so my seating area is available when I need it?.Is there any way to maximize empty vertical space inside my closet by adding extra shelving or racks, cabinets, or hooks?.Where can I store off-season items in my closet?. ![]()
![]() ![]() Save the tiled images as a multi-page PDF document for printing (it’s very fast at this last step)ĭoesn’t have all the bells and whistles of some of the other options, but for a simple tiling operation, PosteRazor is fast and easy.Select the number of pages to print the image on, with a live preview of the print layou.Choose the amount and orientation of the overlap, the areas that are redundant on the printed sheets to compensate for cutting/taping errors.4,415 views This tutorial shows you how to create a poster and print it ou. Top downloads Printer & Fax for Mac Adobe InDesign Brother iPrint&Scan Scribus PosteRazor Canvas Draw CD Label Maker for Mac Adobe InDesign Scribus. Specify the paper size, orientation and margins All in all, Portable PosteRazor is a useful piece of software when it comes to creating posters on multiple pages, without putting a strain on your PC’s performance. Posterazor Tutorial: How to create a poster from ANY image file.In the first step, you use choose the image file you want to work with. PosteRazor 2.9 Free A free (gpl) app for Mac, by Posterazor Download Swift Publisher 2.2 Trial version Easy-to-use desktop publishing software Download Ghostscript 2. A simple 5-step wizard walks you through the process: PosteRazor uses a clear, five-step process to produce your poster. ![]() Multiplatform (Windows/Mac/Linux), open source, runs by itself (no installation required). To delete the posterazor-1.5.2-win32-installer.exe virus. For generic tiling, there’s another option: PosteRazor. Joined Messages 411 Reaction score 13 Points 18 Location South Wales UK Your Mac's Specs MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017).Processor 1.8GHz intel core i5.Memory 8gb 16000MHZDDR3. Posterazor safe how to Posterazor safe mac os x Posterazor safe movie Posterazor safe. En total, contamos con 15.000 pinceles, 5900 materiales, 1000 fuentes, 80 filtros, 27 modos de fusión y 46 tonos diferentes de pantalla. ![]() En ella, podemos crear casi cualquier imagen desde cero gracias a la cantidad de herramientas que tenemos a nuestra disposición. It belongs to the category Utilities & Tools and the subcategory Printer & Fax, and has. ibis Paint es una completa app de dibujo. I’ve posted before about several ways to do that generically, and another option that lets you tile georeferenced images to a specified scale. PosteRazor is a free (gpl) software also available for Windows. If you don’t have a large-format, or even medium-format, printer, you can still print full-size maps by chopping (tiling) the image into smaller subsections, and then taping all those subsections together to re-create the original map in large format. ![]() ![]() ![]() rsrc Entropy 4.10.1.10.136 belongs to the private IP address space 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 ( 10.0.0.0/8 ).Ī private IP address is, in contrast to a public IP address, not allocated to a specific organization, but can be used by anyone without approval from a regional Internet registry. Heuristic match: "URL=cgi-bin/info-system.sh" Heuristic match: "gi-bin/ExportSettings.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/network-wps.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/network-wlan.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/status-interfaces.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/info-system.sh" Heuristic match: "/cgi-bin/webif/index.sh" cd web echo cd var>temp.sh echo cat passwd>temp.sh" Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",Initialize" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",GetParamA" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",GetParamW" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",SetParamA" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",SetParamW" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",GetModuleCount" ( Show Process) ![]() ![]() Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",GetModuleInfoA" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",GetModuleInfoW" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",SwitchModule" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",PrepareRouter" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",ScanRouter" ( Show Process) ![]() Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",StopRouter" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",IsRouterStopping" ( Show Process) Spawned process "rundll32.exe" with commandline ""C:\librouter.dll",FreeRouter" ( Show Process) "Prestige_Login=Login" (Indicator: "login=") "/cgi-bin/login_mgr.cgi?cmd=logout ![]() ![]() Despite being the formal successor to the Celebration, the Celebration Mk2 is generally less effective against distant enemies.The weapon's sprite slightly resembles the Vortex Beater.It can be considered a pseudo-upgrade of the Snowman Cannon and Stynger.The Celebration Mk2 was first teased on March 22, 2018, in celebration of Yoraiz0r's birthday.Also, certain NPCs need their initial spawn conditions to respawn. It can take down mini-bosses such as the Ice Queen in seconds. Go there, and start killing goblins until it says that theyve been defeated.It usually isn't up to date on everything. Here is a link to the wiki if you want to look for some more content. thumb500pxright (for some epic music from youtube) NOW WERE BROTHER LADIES. Join the Qwerty's Bosses and Items Mod Discord Server Check out the Qwerty's Bosses and Items Mod community on Discord - hang out with 2,760 other members and enjoy free voice and text chat. He is the Weaker of the Twins and should be defeated first, to prevent him from giving Spazmatism artillery back up. Retinizer uses Lasers and he can also charge you. The erratic rockets in conjunction with the quick fire rate make the Celebration Mk2 excellent at clearing waves of ground enemies (such as in the Solar Eclipse or Pumpkin Moon). Retinzer is a Hardmode boss with his brother Spazmatism.Though it is faster at digging than traditional tools, it suffers greatly in accuracy when compared to the Shroomite Digging Claw, the Drill Containment Unit, or even a less powerful rocket launcher such as the Snowman Cannon. Because of its fast use time, mining large areas out can be accomplished extremely quickly with Rocket II, Rocket IV, or Mini Nuke II-upwards of a thousand blocks every 5-8 seconds depending on ammo.When it is held, however, the rockets have a fixed cycle: Red → Orange → Yellow → Green → Blue → Purple → Pink → Red. When the ⚒ Use / Attack button is pressed, the type of rocket that is fired is determined randomly.All rocket types are affected by gravity to varying extents, unlike the Celebration's projectiles.The pink rocket appears to have no special behavior.Three purple rockets are fired at once, in a shotgun-spread pattern.Two blue rockets are fired at once, in a helical pattern, traveling straight.The green rocket homes into enemies similarly to Chlorophyte Bullets.The yellow rocket travels in a straight line (visually zig-zagging) until it begins to taper off due to gravity.The orange rocket fires in an arc which is affected by the relative position of the cursor vertically and has a huge area-of-effect damage hitbox along the ground in the form of a shockwave upon impact.The red rocket pierces enemies that are not at point-blank range.Although their damage, critical strike chance, and knockback is identical, they behave differently: The seven different rocket types are distinguished by color. ![]() ![]() ![]() Index of BLS Reports on Workers on Flexible and Shift SchedulesĪ report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the trend towards flexible work schedules. General information about who is covered by the FLSA.Īrticle: "Incidence of Flexible Work Schedules Increases"Ī Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Monthly Labor Review article stating that from 1991 to 1997, the percentage of full-time wage and salary workers with flexible work schedules on their principal job increased from 15.1 percent to 27.6 percent.Īrticle: "Flexible Schedules and Shift Work: Replacing the '9-To-5' Workday?"Īrticle from BLS' Monthly Labor Review Online.Īrticle: "Over One Quarter of Full-time Workers Have Flexible Schedules"Īrticle: "Flexible Work Schedules: What Are We Trading Off to Get Them?"Īrticle: "Executives most likely to have flexible work hours" Information about work hours from the elaws FLSA Advisor.Ĭoverage Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Fact Sheet "When Can an Employee's Scheduled Hours of Work Be Changed?" Department of Labor has conducted numerous surveys and published articles and reports on the subject. Alternative work arrangements such as flexible work schedules are a matter of agreement between the employer and the employee (or the employee's representative). Under some policies, employees must work a prescribed number of hours a pay period and be present during a daily "core time." The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not address flexible work schedules. It allows employees to vary their arrival and/or departure times. Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS)Ī flexible work schedule is an alternative to the traditional 9 to 5, 40-hour work week.Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC).Ombudsman for the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program (EEOMBD).Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP).Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO).Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy (OASP).Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management (OASAM).Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) Because it involves no change to application architecture and little or no change to application code, the lift and shift strategy enables a faster.Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP).Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP).Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs (OCIA).Office of Administrative Law Judges (OALJ).Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). ![]()
![]() ![]() The idea is that, if you're not using an ingame item to boost the stats, then their base stats total should be around 500. Not less than 75 for both def stats for both offensive forms, especially if you keep their HP and/or Speed low. Not less than 75-80 for both atk stats for speed form. 130 in the relevant offensive stat for atk forms. I'd say, at least 85-90 in HP for both def forms. Maybe add an item to use like evo stone that is unlocked through plot and boosts the stats later ingame? Or just pump the numbers a bit.ġ00 speed for a speed form is meh, even though it has great ability and moves to increase it or lower foe's. Regular starters 1st stage are about 310 and Unown is 336. Would you play with Qwilfish as your starter? With Dunsparce? Because their total are respectively 440 and 415. If I'm correct, and with the format hp/atk/def/spA/spD/speed:ĭo you realise how low it is? Especially for a starter. Then naturally, based off these I could calculate all Porygon forms base stats. For other stats it is double the base stat +5. Reminder, at lvl 100, your max HP is 110+double base HP. Using the known base stats for Gogoat I could get the IVs. ![]() With no EVs and a neutral nature I had to know the IVs.įortunately, Porygon SPeed evolves into Skiddo at lvl 27, then into Gogoat at lvl 32. I wanted to calculate Base Stats for the different forms. Paralyzed foe is cool since Porygon is so slow anyway.īefore I go on the movesets, let's talk a bit about stats. Please consider buffing the acc, or replace by Body Slam. Without grinding, 400 attack turns can get you quite far in a regular game. Out of 400 tries I've hit 258 times which is 64,5 acc. Also, empirically, Slam is even less accurate. When you combine this with Slam and its 75 accuracy, then slap the awful stats of Porygon on top of all this, you have a perfect disaster of a starter. Right now every Tech type move does like a fixed 2 dmg on things it's supposed to be neutral against. Sp.Atk Porygon lvl 100, doing an amazing 2 dmg on a lvl 3 Flabébé. ![]() It's a garbage starter.for now!Īs you know, the Tech type is broken. I also tried 1.2.3.ġ/ The types ''label'' in your poke's move screen are weirdly colored but I'm sure you know.Ģ/ The Grandpa giving you the power plant quest.the third option ''should'' read ''maybe, i don't know'' *giggles stupidly*ģ/ Just out West of Flatflank, there's a sprite error on the ''north side hedge'' : one of the trees is a half tree. I play on mobile, Android, with a 1986 Trashman base, and patched 1.2.4. Now.so far I just had my 1st badge, and sadly I'm already disappointed. I assume it will take a long time, but to me it has huge potential to become a superb hack. lil flowers everywhere, the buildings, I really like the atmosphere so far on this Beta.įrom my understanding you are quite passionate with this and have a ton on funny ideas to implement. The comedy is great so far, the maps are more than decent, i mean the mapping, oh and the overall style looks sweet. Thank you for this romhack! Before starting to complain I want to say thank you. It is tough on my mobile but anyway.this is gonna be a long post. This is my first post here, as I created the account just for this. You can change the following moves into tech: The only two pre-existing moves that will be type changed are Technoblast and Tri attack. ((TBA +1) -> Tech / Ghost or Tech / DarkĪs for moves, we are still working on it. Rotom Wash Electric / Water -> Water / Tech Below you will see the list of changes of pokemon who will now have the Tech type: Tech type! Based off technology-associated pokemon. Originally Posted by Le pug Īlright, time for some updates! First off, the mapping for Fat Kid beta 1 is almost finished! Three more interiors and it's on to scripting!Ī big thing I'd like to talk about (that's what she said): We are introducing a new type into the game. ![]() ![]() ![]() The experiences and love I had for the game has been outstripped by its audiences a thousandfold. I thought a lot about all the experiences that people have had with the game when I was designing this new version. I hope it gives everyone who’s loved the game a reason to pick it back up again and share it amongst their friends and family.Pick your words wisely! As you work, more tiles rise from the bottom of the screen, and it'll take all of your lexicological wits, and tactical know-how to keep them down. Use Appfigures to track the top free, paid, and grossing Mac apps in Romania on the iOS App Store for free. Download SpellTower apk 1.0.16 for Android. If any of the letters make it to the top row, it's game over. Try and get the highest score possible out of 140 tiles, eliminating small words to set up 7- and 8-letter blockbusters! Spell Tower app brings tower mode which enables you to get the highest score. You can download the SpellTower Awesome Words Strategy app for free to. DAILY TOWER MODE : Stack up against other players on identical towers that change daily! SPELLTOWER FREE APP FOR FREE PUZZLE MODE : Every word you make adds a new row of letters! Strategic word finding at its best. ![]() SPELLTOWER FREE APP APKĮXTREME PUZZLE MODE : Puzzle mode with the minimum word length cranked up. Using APKPure App to upgrade SpellTower, fast, free and saving internet data. The description of SpellTower App - WORDS + STRATEGY AWESOME Pick your words wisely As you work, more tiles rise from the bottom of the screen, and itll take all of your. ZEN MODE : Puzzle mode without any length requirements. Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots, and learn more about SpellTower Classic. RUSH MODE : Rows of letters build up over time. ![]() ![]() But we still think it’s only good for casual listening and background music rather than a top speaker in its own right.Īlthough the HomePod Mini may cost more than its small smart speaker rivals, it’s definitely worth the extra money if you’re after the smartest experience and the best audio. The Google Nest Audio provides an upgraded listening experience compared to the Mini. It will absolutely surprise you by how loud it can get but the fatiguing treble and anemic bass don’t make for the best experience when listening to your favorite songs. It has good clarity in the mid-range that’s perfect for speech reproduction, but it’s not very musical, especially in the high or bass ranges. During our testing we found that music from the speaker is fairly middling. The Google Nest Mini offers decent sound too. What’s more, inside the HomePod mini is the new S5 chipset, which enables ‘computational audio’ according to Apple – in other words, the HomePod will analyze the song that’s playing and alter the response of the speaker accordingly. ![]() It’s guided from the internal driver down to the base of the HomePod, where it's fired outwards to create a more immersive experience. During our testing, we were extremely impressed with its 360-degree sound. If you’re looking for the best sound from a smaller smart home speaker, then the Apple HomePod Mini is your best bet. The Amazon Echo Studio has a small, squat design that's similar to the older Amazon Echo. ![]() This is a smart speaker and Dolby Atmos immersive sound home cinema unit, all in one tidy package with truly gigantic sound. Instead, the Amazon Echo (2020) is a better bet, but for the best sound from Amazon’s speakers, pick the Amazon Echo Studio instead. That doesn’t mean it’s a great speaker, however, and audiophiles will find it lacking. Thanks to a number of upgrades, even the small Echo Dot is now decently loud. Smart speakers may do a lot more than play music, but sound quality is still a top priority.Īmazon’s range of smart speakers have always been considered the smartest, but never sounded the best. Amazon Echo vs Apple HomePod vs Google Nest: sound quality Alternatively, read our guide to all of the best smart display devices, which have smart assistants and a screen to find out more. Have a look at our Google Nest Hub Mas review, our favourite smart display, or our Amazon Echo Show 10 review. There are also several screen-based devices from both Google and Amazon, too. Or take a look at our Amazon Echo Studio review, the best smart speaker for home cinema set-ups, with a squat cylindrical design. It’s worth reading our Amazon Echo (2020) review, which is a serious step up from its predecessors with a futuristic, sphere-shaped design. This is larger than the Mini with rounded edges and a fabric grille covering.īut there are several other larger options from Amazon. This is currently the best Google-manufactured smart speaker you can buy, since the brand discontinued its Google Home Max speaker. For example, take a look at our Google Nest Audio review. If you want a bigger and bolder-sounding smart speaker there’s plenty more available. The Google Nest Audio has such a simple, unassuming design it'll fit in any home. These are the only two products in the Google Nest range right now. But for the most part, products from Google now include the Nest label, with prices starting at $49.99 / £49 / AU$79 for the Google Nest Mini and jumping up to $99 / £89 / AU$149 for the larger Google Nest Audio. You might still find older models, like the Google Home Mini, available. ![]() The Google Nest range used to be called Google Home. Now the Apple HomePod Mini is available for $99 / £99 / AU$149. The prices of Amazon Echo smart speakers start at $49.99 / £49.99 / AU$79 for the Amazon Echo Dot.Īpple is currently only offering one smart speaker after discontinuing its original HomePod in 2021. You can read our best Alexa speakers for a more detailed rundown of our favorites. ![]() The types of products and prices vary across each of these ranges.įor example, the Amazon Echo range has the most extensive selection of smart speakers. There’s Amazon Echo, Apple HomePod and Google Nest. Amazon has Alexa, Apple has Siri and Google has Google Assistant.Įach brand then has a range of smart speakers with these assistants built-in. Amazon, Apple and Google are the brands that create the top smart speakers, and each brand has its own voice-based smart assistant. (Image credit: Google) Amazon Echo vs Apple HomePod vs Google Nest: price and availability The Google Home Mini speaker comes in four different colors. ![]() ![]() ![]() “When you’re going to a higher horsepower, it’s not necessarily just the stress of the components that you have to deal with but also the speed at which that pump is turning,” Mr Hall said. The lubricant also helps prevent the pump from overheating when it operates at a higher horsepower. The corrosion-resistant coating is harder and denser than the base steel used to build the frame of the pump, so it increases the load-bearing capacity of the bearings. To reduce scuffing, friction and adhesive wear, the company developed a proprietary dry-film lubricant. With that in mind, GD Energy Products prioritized durability in the design of the Thunder 5000 to ensure it can have the same uptime as a lower-horsepower pump. Mr Hall estimated that a typical 5,000-hp pump “essentially cuts in half” the life of its components when operating continuously at maximum capacity. One of the bigger challenges in operating a 5,000-hp pump is the potential for increased stress on the pump’s components. Whereas running a 3,000-hp pump at 12,000 psi will get you approximately 9.2 bbl/min, Mr Hall explained, running a 5,000-hp pump at the same pressure will get you 15.3 bbl/min. You have fewer pumps operating over a smaller area, so you’ve got less of a chance for issues to pop up.”Ī 5,000-hp pump can also generate higher flow rates at equivalent pressures to a lower-horsepower pump, helping companies boost production without increasing run time. That gets you efficiencies from a manpower and a safety standpoint. “Instead of needing 12 pumps on location, you only need six. “Your power density is greater when you run one 5,000-hp pump versus two 2,500-hp pumps,” Mr Hall said. With fewer pumps, transmissions and engines to maintain, the system also reduces potential points of failure at the frac site, minimizing the need for maintenance. It can cut the size of a frac spread by 30% compared with a 3,000-hp pump, according to the company. GD Energy Products entered the high-horsepower space in 2019 with its first 5,000-hp pump, the Thunder 5000 HP Quintuplex frac pump. To compensate for the increased stress that a 5,000-hp pump places on its components, the design features a longer stroke length and a harder lubricant to reduce scuffing and friction. We want to get the most work out of each stage fracked as we possibly can.” The Thunder 5000 HP Quintuplex Pump, the first 5,000-hp offering from GD Energy Products, can reduce the size of a frac spread by 30% compared with a 3,000-hp pump. “But especially since this last downturn, well services companies and drillers have become super focused on being efficient. Customers weren’t talking about running our engines at their most efficient point,” said Scott Woodruff, VP of the Oil & Gas/Mining Business at Rolls-Royce Power Systems. “In the past, when the industry ran on higher margins, we weren’t forced to be efficient. Such benefits are key as operators stay focused on capital discipline. Manufacturers are also touting that their high-horsepower systems can reduce fuel consumption, lower maintenance costs and enable longer continuous runtimes. “It’s all about extending the life of a system well beyond what a traditional 2,500- or 3,000-horsepower system can do.” Even if they’re looking to run a lower-horsepower operation, they still want the 5,000 horsepower because they know that thing is designed to run well above what they want,” said Turner Hall, Engineering Manager – New Product Development at GD Energy Products. “Companies want the most reliable fleets in the industry. A high-horsepower system also allows operators and directional drillers to run frac operations for longer continuous periods, without maxing out on capacity and straining their equipment. These new systems allow for increases in power density – meaning that they can maintain the same level of power, or increase power as needed, within a smaller physical footprint. Manufacturers of frac pumps and engines are now moving past 2,500 and 3,000 hp, and 5,000-hp pumps are becoming the norm. In the frac sector, pressure pumpers and engine manufacturers realize that they must design more durable and higher-horsepower systems, even as the definition of “high horsepower” continues to change. In US unconventionals, pressures to reduce well costs while maintaining or improving production remain high. ![]() |
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